Life. Metabolism and Nutrition

Regular exchange of substances between body and environment and energy metabolism and is called the fundamental function of life, death causes the cessation of body metabolism.
For the release of energy that is gained in the foodstuffs, chemical reactions occur in the body (enzyme), resulting in substances to be eliminated in the external environment. Energy in the body is lost, but turns back into the environment and other forms.

• Carbohydrates are found extensively in foods of plant origin (wheat, corn, rice, fruits, vegetables, sugar, honey), and the small quantity of animal origin (milk) . In food, there are different chemical structure: some have small molecule, monosaccharides (glucose, galactose), others have double molecules, disaccharides (maltose, lactose), and finally others, the largest molecule, polysaccharides (starch, glycogen , cellulose).
  Carbohydrates can not be absorbed into the body only after digestion, which turns them into monosaccharides, only able to cross the intestinal barrier, to pass into the blood and reach the liver.
  Here are some changes in glycogen synthesized as reserve substance, and another part goes into the general circulation for use of tissues and organs.
  Carbohydrates contained in the cytoplasm and are issued approximately 60% of the total energy consumed by the body (4.1 g of glucose released calories).
  Energy release is made by oxidation of carbohydrates in the cytoplasm and their conversion to water and carbon dioxide. The need for reserves of liver glycogen can be converted into glucose (monosaccharide) and passed in the blood for consumption. Blood glucose level is kept constant from 1 to 1.5 grams per liter. When carbohydrates are in excess, they can become lodged in the fat and the body itself.


• Lipid (fat) are found extensively in food of animal origin (butter, bacon, pork) and some fruits (nuts, olives).
  They can not be absorbed into the body than the form of components, ie as glycerol and fatty acids. In the digestive tract, lipids are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids, which pass into lymphatic and blood circulation resynthesized as fat is specific to humans. In cell cytoplasm am until oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, freeing up large amounts of energy: 9.8 release 1 gram of fat calories. Another part of the fat is stored as reserve material under the skin or fat cells around the organs (kidney, intestine, etc..), Where I am deployed and used when needed.


• parotids or proteins are found in foods of animal origin (meat, eggs, milk) and vegetable (beans, soy, lentils, peas, etc..). The animal is more easily assimilated in the body than those of plant origin. Proteins are essential substances for the proper functioning of the body but may be absent from the diet. In addition to their role in energy in particular have a role Plastic (trainer), contributing to the body's growth and tissue repair and wear body destroyed by the operation.
  They also are part of hormones, enzymes, enzymes and antibodies, which have functions and role in defending the body.
  Large protein molecules am undone by the action of enzymes in different segments of the digestive tract, the amino, the only form able to pass through the intestinal mucosa and pass blood cells where it carries on I am used to synthesize parotids own body, by the method of labeled atoms it was found that while all cellular proteins am renewed, another part of the amino acids are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, freeing up energy (a 4.1 calories per gram of protein released ) or ditch used for the synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids.
  Amino acids are not submitted as backup normally, however, the body's protein reserves in the form of cellular proteins were estimated at 2 kg of protein that the body can dispense without serious changes of its functions.


• Water account for 65% of adult body weight, being distributed in plasma, interstitial fluid, lymph and cytoplasm of the cell.
  As a young body contains more water, along with age, the body dehydrates.
  Adult man needs about 2 to 2.5 liters of water in 24 hours.
  Without water a person dies of dehydration within a few days, when no food can live 35-40 days.
  Water comes from two sources:
  
  
  
  1. - from liquids and food intake;
  
  
  2. - the oxidation of organic substances in the dezasimilaţie.
  
  
  
  In the body, water makes up a fundamental part of the internal environment (blood plasma, tissue fluid and lymph)
  
  
  
  1. -solvent acts as the substances are absorbed by blood and lymph, carrying dissolved substances in her cell, from which the products resulting from dezasimilaţie that takes the organs of excretion (kidney and skin)
  
  
  2. -enables all chemical reactions and oxidation in the body and acted as a catalyst, and is involved in maintaining a constant body temperature due to evaporation through the skin.
  
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  Remove water from the body is via the kidneys (urine, about 1500ml in 24 hours), and another 1000 ml through the skin (tanspiraţie), expired air through the lungs and large intestine (feces).


• Mineral salts accompanying water being present in all body fluids and cells.
  They make up about 5% of body weight, is eliminated daily through urine, feces and I am sweating and replaced with food, as are found in all foods in varying proportions.
  Mineral salts enter the body in the form of chlorides, phosphates, sulphates of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, etc. ..
  
• Vitamins are organic substances absolutely necessary to conduct normal life processes in the body, they must be introduced with the food because the body synthesizes not only vitamins D, K and B₁₂.
  Vitamins are found only in fresh foods and a lack of preserved, have an important role in food assimilation processes, increase body and serve as material for the synthesis of enzymes.
  Catalysts are substances, having no role in nutrient and / or energy.
  We know many vitamins A, B₁, B₂, B₆
  B₁₂, C, D₁, D₂, E, F, H, K, P, PP.
  Each vitamin has specific action, without it causing some unrest.

Power needs are lower for older people because they are metabolic processes and lower.
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Food rations should cover energy substances , and plastic substances and catalytic needed by the body.
Carbohydrates Food should be in an amount of 300-400 grams per day, rising to the natural striving to 500-600 grams.
Lipid requirements is 2-3 grams per kg body weight in 24 hours, increasing to 4-5 grams in the case of intense physical activity or those in regions with cold climates.
Protides needs are higher in children (3.5 grams per kg body weight in 24 hours) than in adults (2 grams per kg body weight in 24 hours) as the first plastic processes (forming) the body is intense.
mineral salts and vitamins are found in food.
To ensure the necessary vitamins is advisable to use fresh fruits and vegetables in the diet.

Nothing is new under the sun

Nearly every major discovery in which man boasts that he "invented" there nature.

If one instead to focus itself would have leaned more deeply on application of knowledge naturally occurring physical or mechanical laws generally many human discoveries could have been used earlier.

The way that man has made the fundamental laws of mechanics universal,But given proof of great power of penetration and even creation, says the Ion Simionescu"The Natural."
Many of those created by humans are not original, in one form or another is found in nature.

Living beings are energy transformers, converting biochemical energy into work mechanically. All physical and mental activity of man, functions as organiamului
aimed at maintaining life, somatic and intellectual development are consuming energy.

From this perspective human beings are fundamentally similar to the internal combustion engines, which also converts chemical energy into mechanical work in gasoline (Lintarezeck).

Animals and man using the stored energy in the foods they consume.

Plants synthesize sugars (carbohydrates) and even fats (lipids) of simple elements, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere and soil water, which was later synthesized by animals.
Carbon dioxide and water are united under the influence of sunlight, due to a biochemical catalyst present in plant leaves called chlorophyll.

The combination of water and carbon dioxide in the presence of chlorophyll and under bombardment by photons of sunlight, formaldehyde is born.
Subsequently, all under the influence of sunlight, formaldehyde polymerize into glucose.

Glucose molecule formed in the plant include solar energy absorbed within it during its synthesis.
(As potential energy stored in plants or in animals is calorie unit. Calorie is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water one centigrade distilled water).

This chemical process is endothermic, because it absorbs energy and is also anaerobic, because it consumes oxygen.

It follows that due to chemical reaction from the leaves of plants is clear for the much needed oxygen environment and living beings and glucose produce a much needed human and animal.

A gram molecule of glucose (180 g) absorbed 674 calories on average 4 calories for a gram of glucose. The decomposition of glucose in human or animal body shall be at liberty the four calories per gram, according to the principle of energy conservation.

Please note that most of the energy released as heat is lost without possibility of recovery and only a certain quota is actually used by the body for mechanical work, so it is converted by the body, like any engine, reversible energy into useful life functions.

We are interested not so much the quantity of heat released by the decomposition of glucose, but the work can be done by unleashing the energy, so it is more correct to use in measuring this, the unit is joules of mechanical work. It defines the thermochemical energy into mechanical energy equivalent (1 cal = 4.184 joules).

In order of their importance for maintenance of life elements are:
oxygen, water, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals.

Oxygen is the most against Internet because the body can not do it only a few minutes, the water can not miss only a few days propiu actual food (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins) a few weeks and minerals and vitamins for several months .

Role and importance of each of these elements in defining us as individuals is presented in a series of articles on our blog TopHealthResources.
Where the problem building and maintaining a healthy body and harmony, balanced nutrition, the prevention and restoration of damaged balances, and many others are an object of study.